Method and apparatus for radiosignaling



April 7, 192

R. A. WEAGANT METHOD AND APFARATUS FOR RADIOSIGNALING Original Filed Feb. '7, 1919 2 s s l April 7, 1925. 1,532,357-

. R. A. WEAGANT METHOD AND APPARATUS FORRADIdSIGNALING Original Fil ed Feb '7, 1919 2 s s g INVENTOR 4M; ATTORNEY Patented Apr. Q 1925.

UNITED, STATES 1 I BOY-ALEXANDER WEAGANTQOF DOUGLAS PATENT WARE.

Application filed February- To'allwhomit mag concern: I

Be it known that I, RoY ALEXANDER WEA- GANT, a citizen of the United 'States, and

resident of Douglas Manor, county of 5 Queens, city and btate of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Method and Apparatus for Badiosignaling, of which the following is a specification, accompanied by drawings.

' This invention relates to a method and apparatus for radio signaling, with reference more particularly to minimizing the interference ofstatic disturbances inradio recep l'n my co-pendingapplication Serial No. 181,4581 have set forth my discoveries in regard to the nature ofheterogeneous disturbances and disclosed methods and apparatus for discriminating between such static waves which seem to behave as if propagated in a vertical direction and signal waves from, a desired direction. The illustrative static eliminating apparatus shown in said co pendingapplication depends on the horizontal separation of antennae to receive horizontally propagated signal waves as out of phase currents, and vertically propagated static'waves as inphas'e currents.

In working'with various forms of appaso ratus based upon my discoveries, I have observed certain phenomena which indicated that static impulses may be regarded as vertically propagated disturbanc es having relatively short wave length, so short in-fact that I have been able to obtain wave length spacing equal to an appreciable fraction of a static'wave length, with antennae separated v vertically by a distance of about twenty-five feet, more or less.

This further discovery in, regard to the nature of static disturbances, in connection with my original discoveries, has enabled me to devise methods and apparatus for minimizing or reducing theeffect of static interference in radio reception, which obvi' ate the mechanical and electrical inconven- A 1,532,357 OFFICE.

U MANOR, NEW YORK, AssIGNoR, BY MESNE i esszemnrs, To name CORPORATION or AMERICA, A CORPORATION on DELA- METHOD AND A?PARATUS FOR R ADIOSIGNALiNG.

7,-1919'. Serial No. 275,554.

and the successiveeifects are combined di ferentially. a

Suitable apparatus for carrying ,out my method of operation is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a preferred form of associated antennae or portions of an antenna system operative in accordance with my inventfon; and

Figure 2 is a similar view of a modification.

Referring .to the-drawings, A and B represent two associated antennae or portions of an antenna system preferably in the form of loops, although other suitable forms of antennae maybe provided. These loops may be of any convenient size and as shown in the drawing are assumed tobe at different heights with reference to the ground and in the same or substantially parallel vertical planes, although they may diverge from the vertical to a certain degree and still be considered substantially vertical within the principles of my invention.

The loops A andB are preferably andconveniently superposed, one substantially above the other, although actual superposition is not essential, and they may be separated horizontally in the direction of desired reception if desired, provided that for electrical purposes they are circumstanced or arranged .at substantially'the same distance from the source from which signal waves are being received, so that said waves are received substantially simultaneously and set up in phase currents in the antennae A and B. X v I have found, as hereinbefore stated, that with a vertical separation of even twentyfive feet between the centers of'the loops A and B, the static waves appear to be received successively and set up out of phase currents in-the loops, and good results are obtained inmore or less cancelling'statio by associating the loops so that they oppose one another while retaining the signal.

Although signal waves are ordinarilv received from horizontal directions, they may however be propagated in a general vertical direction, from an aeroplane for instance, and in such case, both signal and static waves would be received in substantially the same.

general vertical direction. The signal waves which are relatively long compared to static purposes.

wavelength, even as used in aeroplane sig na'llng, so that the currents due to signals -are still substantially in phase, or at least; that the phasediflerences are of different orders. 7

Any suitable and desirable means may beprovided for associating the antenna portions A and B in such manner that the-static and signalcurrents may be selectively'com- 'bined, and in this instance I have shown a radio goniometer associated, with said antennacybecause that is a convenient and delicately adjustable instrument adapted to my The loops A and B are connectedto the fixed coils C and D of the goniometer and provided with suitable variable tuning inductances Variable condensers F are preferably connected in circuit at the midpoints of the coils C and D and the loops A and B are preferably tuned tothe same frequency, that is, to the wave length of the signal waves to be received. The loops A- and B are also preferably ungrounded.

The movable coil G of the goniometer is pivoted about the axis H and the variable condenser J is connected in circuit therewith as shown. A suitable detector circuit K is preferably coupled to the circuit of the coil G by means of thecoupling coils L and M.-

So far as my observations have gone, the

'vertical separation of the loops does not have to be large in order to constitute an'appreciable fraction of a static wave length, and even with loops about four feet in diameter, having their centers separated vertically about 25 feet, I have found that the static currents received wereof different phase while the signal current received were of thesame phase, so that the static cur-- rents could be balanced out to a very large extent and the signals retained. I am not yet prepared to state my conclusions as to the Wave length of static waves, or whether it is uniform or variable, or through what range it may vary, if it is variable, but I. have conclusively demonstrated that static disturbances have short wavev length, and vertical separation of a comparatively short distan'cebetweenantenna portions will give phase differences comparable to those which are produced by signal waves but require long distances when horizontal separation is used.

In order that the antenna portions A and' B may be affected more nearly simultaneously by waves from aeroplanes, not immediately overhead, or by signal waves of dis-I torted wave front, the two loops may be adjustedso asto be not exactly one over the other but to be approximately parallel to the wave frontof the received wave, and also made rotatable together'so as to bring their planes into or parallel with the line of reception.

In the modification shown in Figure 2-, antennae A and Bare shown-in the form of horizontally extending linear oscillatorshaving tuning elements in the form of variable inductances P and variable condensers Q. Coupling coilsN and O are provided for coupling the antennze'A and B to the circuits of the goniometer and the rcference in radio transmission, which consists in receiving signal waves simultaneously and static. waves successively n different portions of an'antenna system as waves of the same frequency, and utilizing the relativephases between the resulting currents "to select the desired current.

3: The method of minimizing static intero ference in radio transmission, which consists in receiving signal waves simultaneously and static waves successively in a plurality of-antenna portions as waves of the same frequency, at least one antenna portion being. ungrounded, and utilizing the relative phases between the resulting currents to select the desired current. I j

4:. In radio reception,'the method of minimizingstatic interference, which consists in receiving signalwaves as currents substantially in the same phase and static impulses as currentssubst'antially in opposite phase m a plurality of antennae, and selectively utilizing the desired one of saidcurrents.

' 5. The method of minimizing static interference in radio transmission, which consists in discriminating between waves of definite period reaching different portions of a receiving system substantially simultaneously and heterogeneous waves arriving successively, and detecting the first named waves. v

6. The method of minimizing static interference 1n radio transmissiomwhich consists in discriminating between waves of definite period reaching different portions of a receiving system substantially simultaneously and heterogeneous waves arriving successively, and selectively combining the currents due to said different waves.

7. The method of minimizingvstatic interference in radio transm sslon, WhlCh conslsts in discriminating between waves of definite,

period affecting different portions of a receiving system substantially simultaneously and heterogeneous waves affecting said portions successively, by combining cumulatively the simultaneous effects and combin and heterogeneous waves affecting said portions successively, by selectively combining the said simultaneous and successive effects, and detecting one of said effects.

9. The method of minimizing static interference in'radio transmission, which consists in locating and adjusting a plurality of antenna circuits in. such manner that static effects will produce therein currents dissimilar in phase and signal waves willproduce therein currents similar in phase, combining differentially said currents dissimilar in phase, combin'ng cumulatively sald currents similarly in phase, and detecting the presence of said last named currents. I

10. The method of minimizing static interference in radio transmission, which consists in locating and adjusting a plurality of antenna circuits in such manner that static effects will produce therein currents dissimilar in phase and signal waves will, produce therein currents similar in phase, selectively combining all of said currents and detecting the desired one of said currents.

-11 The method of minimizing static interference in radio transmission, which consists in causing the received signal to produce currentsof similar phase in a plurality of circuits, causing heterogeneous disturbancesto produce currents having a different relative phase,-and selectively rejecting the last named effects by the aid of said distinction in phase difference.

12. The method of minimizing static iii-- terference in radio transmission, which con-" sists in causing the received signal to produce currents of similar phase in a plurality of circuits, causing heterogeneous disturbances to produce currents havingv a different relative phase, and. selectively rejecting one of said effects by the aid of said distinction in phase difference. I I

13. The method of minimizing static indesired current.

terference in radio'transmission, which consists in' intercepting thesignal waves at two points disposed at different heights with reference to the ground but atsubstantially equal distances from the source of waves, obtaining therefrom signal oscillations in phase with each other, combining the effect of these to produce signals, and combining the oscillations set up at the said two points by disturbing influences, out of phase, to neutralize each other.

14. The method of minimizing static interference in radiotransmission, which con-, sists in receiving static waves successively and signal waves substantially simultaneously from substantially the same general direction, in a'p'lurality of antenna portions, and selectively utilizing the desired one of the currents due to :said different waves.

"15.- In radio signaling apparatus,-means for receiving signal waves simultaneously and static waves successively, and means for utilizing the relative difference of phase between the resulting currents to select the 16. In radio signaling apparatus, a plurality of associated antenna portions tuned to thesame frequency and so positioned one abovethe other and at equal distances from the'source of signal waves as to receive signal waves simultaneously and static waves successively, and means for utilizing'the relative difference of phase between the resultinggcurrents to select the desired current.

17, In ra-aio signaling apparatus, an an. tenn'a -system having associated portions, at least one of which is ungrounded,said.portions being "so positioned one above the other and at equal distances from the source of signal waves as to receive signal waves simultaneously and static waves successively, and means for utilizing the relative difference of phase between the resulting currents to select the desired current.

18. In radio signaling apparatus an antenna. system having associated portions. tuned to the same frequency at least one of said portions being ungrounded, said portions beingso positioned one above the other and at equal distances from the source of signal waves as to receive signal waves simultaneously and static. waves successively, and means for utilizing the relative difference of phase between the resulting currents to select the desired current.

19. In radio signaling apparatus, a plurality of ungrounded associated antenna portions so positioned one above the other and at equal distances from the source of signal waves as to receive signal waves simultaneously and static waves successively, and means for utilizing the relative differ ence of phase between the resulting currents to select the'desired current.

20. In radio signaling apparatus, a re- -'neous Waves means for detecting the first-named waves.

ceiving system having a plurality of associated portions, means for discriminating between Waves of different period reaching different portions of said'receiving. system substantially simultaneously and heterogearriving successively, and

21. In radio signaling apparatus,a receiving system ,having a plurality of associated portions, means for discriminating between Waves of definite period reaching different portions of said receiving system substantially simultaneously and heterogeneous waves arriving successively, and means for selectively combining the currentsdue to.

said different waves.

22. In radio signaling apparatus, a receiving systemhaving a plurality of associated antenna portions, means for discriminating between waves ofdefinite period afiecting differentportions of said receiving system substantially simultaneously and heterogeneous .waves affecting said portions succes- .sively, and means for cumulatively combinvsuccessively, 'means for selectively combining the said simultaneous and successive effects, and means for detecting one of said effects.

24. In'radio signaling apparatus, an antenna system having ungrounded associated portions arranged at different elevations but at substantially the same distance from the source of signals to be received, and 'means for detecting signals including means for balancing out the effects of static. disturbances, v

25.. In radio signaling apparatus, an antenna system having associated portions tuned to the same frequency and arranged at different elevations but at substantially thesame distance from the source of signals to be received, and means for detecting signals including means for balancing out the effects of static disturbances.

26. In radio signaling apparatus, means for reducing the effect of static disturbances in radio transmission, comprising a plurality of antennae located at a suitable dis-* tance apart vertically to-be affected succes sively by static impulses thereby producing static currents therein dissimilar in phase,

means for differentially combining said static currents dissimilar in phase and for cumulatively combining the currents similar in phase due to signal waves, and means for detecting the presence of said last-named currents.

27. The method of minimizing static interference in radio transmission, which consists in receiving in'an antenna system, signal impulses as currents with one order of phase difference, and static impulses as currents with a greater order of phase difference, and selectively combining said currents to neutralize a' desired one of said effects.

28. In radio signaling apparatus, means for receiving signal impulses as currents with one order ofphase difference and static impulses as currents of a greater order of phase difference, and means for selecting a desired one of said currents.

29. In radio reception, the method of minimizing static interference, which consists in simultaneously receiving signal waves from one direction ascurrents-substantially in the same phase, receiving static impulses from another direction at right angles thereto as currents substantially in opposite phase, balancing out the static and retaining the signal currents.

30.' In radio reception, the method of.

minimizing static interference, which consists in simultaneously receiving signal waves from one direction as currents substantially'in the same phase, receiving static impulses from another direction at right angles thereto as currents. substantially in opposite phase, balancing out currents due to one kind of Wave and retaining the other currents. 1 1

31. In radio reception, the method of minimizing static interference, which consists in simultaneously receiving horizontally propagated signal waves as currents substantially in the same phase, receiving vertically propagated static impulses as'currents substantially in opposite phase, balancing out the static 'and retaining the signal currents.

32. In radio reception, the method .of minimizing static interference, which consists in simultaneously receiving horizontally propagated signal' waves as currents substantially in the same phase, receiving vertically propagated static impulses as currents substantially in opposite phase, balancing out currents due to one kind of wave and retaining the other currents.

' 33. In radio reception, the method of minimizing static interference, which consists in simultaneously receiving signal i no waves as currents substantially in the same phase, receiving static impulses as currents substantially in opposite phase in a plurality of antennae, cumulatively combining sa d signal currents and differentially combining said static currents;

34. In radio reception, the method of minimizing static interference, which consists in simultaneously -receiving signal In testimony whereof I' have signed this waves as currents substantially in the same specification in' th'e presence of two subscribphase, .re'celvmg stat1c mpulsesas currents mg witnesses.

substantially in opposite phase in a plurality RGY WVEAGANT. of antennae, tuned to the same wave length, Witnesses: and selectively utilizing the desired one of M, H. PAYNE,

said currents. 1 HERBERT G. OGDEN. 

